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13th sanctions package against Russia

February 23, 2024, marked another milestone in the West’s sanctions war against Russia. The European Union, the United States, Canada, and their allies introduced the so-called 13th sanctions package. As

The EU’s 14th Sanctions Package Against Russia

On June 24, 2024, the European Union adopted its 14th sanctions package against the Russian Federation — another, yet far from routine, step in a campaign of economic and political

Fifteenth sanctions package

On December 18, 2025, the Council of the European Union approved the fifteenth sanctions package against the Russian Federation. Unlike previous packages, which focused primarily on economic pressure, the fifteenth

The 17th Sanctions Package EU’s Against Russia

On May 20, 2025, the European Union adopted its 17th sanctions package against the Russian Federation. In my view, this package does not merely continue the existing pressure—it represents a

18 package sanctions EU against Russia and Belarus

In the summer of 2025, the European Union adopted its 18 package sanctions against Russia and Belarus. This measure was aimed at maintaining political and economic pressure on both countries

19th EU Sanctions Package Against Russia: What Has Changed

On 23 October 2025, the Council adopted the EU sanctions package against Russia. This new package intensifies pressure on Russia’s energy, finance, logistics, and defense sectors; introduces additional restrictions on

Funded Pension Payments in Estonia

The mandatory funded pension (second pillar pension) in Estonia is an important part of the national pension system. It is designed to ensure future generations have a stable financial position

Income Tax: Basics of Calculation, Calculation, and Payment

Every sole proprietor officially operating in Estonia faces the need to pay taxes. One of the key types of taxation is income tax. The rules for which are regulated by

Reduction of advance payment of social tax for PFL

The tax system for entrepreneurial activity for individuals provides mechanisms for optimizing financial obligations. This is done by accounting for taxes paid by employers. One such mechanism is the reduction

Proportional Calculation of Social Tax in Estonia

It is important for all social taxpayers in Estonia to correctly calculate the amount of their mandatory contribution for each reporting period. Understanding the intricacies of Social Tax in Estonia

Advance Payments of Social Tax in Estonia

Social tax plays an important role in ensuring the social security of the Estonian population. One of the key aspects of the tax system is the advance payments of this

Social Tax in Estonia in 2025

The tax system plays a vital role in the economy of any country. It provides the state with revenue to finance infrastructure and other expenses. One key element of the

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